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藏传佛像雕塑
藏传佛像雕塑在坚持本民族雕塑传统的同时，吸收上述各种流派的风格，逐步形成了自己的雕塑流派和传统。从吐蕃时期开始，在一千三百多年的长期实践和创作中形成了以下９种风格。
While adhering to the national sculpture tradition, Tibetan Buddhist statues have absorbed the styles of the above-mentioned schools and gradually formed their own sculpture schools and traditions. Since the Tubo period, the following nine styles have been formed in the long-term practice and creation of more than 1300 years.
（１）早期法王青铜雕塑风格：指法王松赞干布时期由他资助铸造雕塑的红、白青铜塑像。其特点是佛像面部饱满，眼睛细长，鼻子坚挺，嘴部棱角分明，下颊丰厚，面部较长，衣裙稀少，莲花座多雕单层或双重莲花，十分精美。有的佛像不雕塑莲花座，只做一个简朴的厚垫。法王塑像身披半月披风，足着藏靴，塑成蕃人形象，大多装彩镀金，光彩照人。
(1) Early French King bronze sculpture style: refers to the French king Songzan Ganbu period by his funding casting statues of red and white bronze. It is characterized by the Buddha's full face, long and slender eyes, a strong nose, sharp edges of the mouth, rich cheeks, long face, scarce dresses, lotus pedestal carved single or double lotus, very exquisite. Some Buddhist statues do not make a lotus block but make a simple thick cushion. The statue of the King of France, dressed in a half-moon cape and hiding boots, is mostly decorated with gold-plated and glorious.
（２）中期法王青铜塑像风格：面部较圆，颜色较深，多用紫铜合金的紫青铜铸造。佛像面部装彩较厚，其工艺较之于早期逊色。中期法王雕塑的作品都是在法王赤松德赞时期制作的，大部分供奉在桑耶寺格吉青铜佛像殿中。
(2) Mid-French bronze sculpture style: the face is more round, darker color, using bronze alloy bronze casting. The color of the Buddha's face is thicker than that of the early stage. The sculptures of the middle Dharma King were all made during the reign of Dharma King Chisondezan. Most of the sculptures were dedicated to the bronze statue Hall of Geji Buddha in Sangye Temple.
（３）晚期法王青铜塑像：是指法王热巴巾时期制作的佛像。材料多用白铜合金的白青铜。佛像大多出于印度雕塑家之手，风格与９世纪同期印度佛像风格十分接近。但较印度佛像丰满，姿态灵活。多用银和紫铜镶嵌细部，如用银嵌瞳孔或眼睛，用紫铜作角膜或舌头。
(3) late Bronze Statues of the French king: the Buddha made during the period of the king's hot towel. The material is white bronze with white copper alloy. Most of the statues of Buddha are from the hands of India sculptors, which are very similar to the style of India statues in the same period of ninth Century. But it is more plump and flexible than the India statues. Use silver and copper to inlay details, such as inserting a pupil or eye with silver, using copper as a cornea or tongue.
（４）噶当青铜佛像：指藏传佛教噶当派盛行时主要在洛札、聂、那若、雅隆等地铸造的青铜佛像。此派风格由印度佛学大师阿底峡所开。主要用天然铜与金、银合金，紫铜合金及八种金属合金材料浇铸，质量很高，工艺精湛，同此时期的印度佛像真假难辨。
(4) Bronze Buddhist statues in Kadang refer to bronze Buddhist statues cast in Luoza, Nie, Naruo, Yalong and other places when the Kadang sect of Tibetan Buddhism prevailed. This style is opened by the Buddhist master of India. Major natural copper and gold, silver alloy, copper alloy and eight kinds of metal alloy casting materials, high quality, exquisite technology, with the Indian Buddha statue of this period is difficult to distinguish true from false.
（５）来乌群巴青铜佛像：指雕塑家来乌群巴铸造的青铜佛像，带有明代内地佛像的特点，风格和永乐青铜佛像极近。造型十分优美，跏跌的双腿轻松自然，双重莲花绕法座形成一个莲花团，花瓣脉络清晰，结构严谨。
(5) Laiwu Qunba bronze Buddha statue: refers to the bronze Buddha statue cast by the sculptor Laiwu Qunba, with the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty inland Buddha statue, style and Yongle bronze Buddha statue is very close. The shape is very graceful, and the feet are easy and natural. The double lotus flowers form a lotus ball around the pedestal. The petals are clear and the structure is rigorous.
（６）白玛噶波青铜佛像：指雕塑家白玛噶波雕塑的佛像，造型特点是下额微突，身材苗条，僧衣饰有花纹，镀金层薄。
(6) White Makabo Bronze Buddha: refers to the sculpture of the sculptor White Makabo Buddha statue, modelling is characterized by a slight protrusion under the forehead, slender statue, monk clothes decorated with patterns, gilded thin.
（７）多觉边肯青铜佛像：是指五世达赖阿旺罗桑嘉措（１６１７—１６８２）时期，由著名雕塑家俄巴固巴（也作霍达）和朱古巴初，在布达拉宫脚下开创的青铜佛像风格流派，近世有“学院雕塑派”之称。１９５１年旧西藏噶厦政府所雕佛像均源于此。
(7) Bronze Buddha statue of Dojo Bianchen: refers to the bronze Buddha style school created by the famous sculptor Obajuba (also known as Hoda) and early Jucuba at the foot of Potala Palace in the period of the Fifth Dalai Lama Awan Rasangatso (1617-1682), known as the "Academy Sculpture School" in modern times. The sculpture of Buddha carved by the government of Tibet in 1951 was based on this.
（８）扎什伦布寺青铜佛像：指在日喀则扎什伦布寺铸造的佛像，工艺与拉萨多觉边肯青铜佛像接近，创作也十分精美。
(8) Bronze Buddha statue of Zashrunbu Temple: refers to the Buddha statue cast at Zashrunbu Temple in Shigatse. Its craftsmanship is close to the bronze Buddha statue of Jubianken in Lhasa, and its creation is very exquisite.
（９）德格青铜佛像：指四川甘孜州德格雕塑的青铜佛像，材料多用紫铜合金。
(9) Dege bronze Buddha statue: refers to the bronze Buddha statue of Dege sculpture in Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, which is made of bronze alloy.
While adhering to the national sculpture tradition, Tibetan Buddhist statues have absorbed the styles of the above-mentioned schools and gradually formed their own sculpture schools and traditions. Since the Tubo period, the following nine styles have been formed in the long-term practice and creation of more than 1300 years.
（１）早期法王青铜雕塑风格：指法王松赞干布时期由他资助铸造雕塑的红、白青铜塑像。其特点是佛像面部饱满，眼睛细长，鼻子坚挺，嘴部棱角分明，下颊丰厚，面部较长，衣裙稀少，莲花座多雕单层或双重莲花，十分精美。有的佛像不雕塑莲花座，只做一个简朴的厚垫。法王塑像身披半月披风，足着藏靴，塑成蕃人形象，大多装彩镀金，光彩照人。
(1) Early French King bronze sculpture style: refers to the French king Songzan Ganbu period by his funding casting statues of red and white bronze. It is characterized by the Buddha's full face, long and slender eyes, a strong nose, sharp edges of the mouth, rich cheeks, long face, scarce dresses, lotus pedestal carved single or double lotus, very exquisite. Some Buddhist statues do not make a lotus block but make a simple thick cushion. The statue of the King of France, dressed in a half-moon cape and hiding boots, is mostly decorated with gold-plated and glorious.
（２）中期法王青铜塑像风格：面部较圆，颜色较深，多用紫铜合金的紫青铜铸造。佛像面部装彩较厚，其工艺较之于早期逊色。中期法王雕塑的作品都是在法王赤松德赞时期制作的，大部分供奉在桑耶寺格吉青铜佛像殿中。
(2) Mid-French bronze sculpture style: the face is more round, darker color, using bronze alloy bronze casting. The color of the Buddha's face is thicker than that of the early stage. The sculptures of the middle Dharma King were all made during the reign of Dharma King Chisondezan. Most of the sculptures were dedicated to the bronze statue Hall of Geji Buddha in Sangye Temple.
（３）晚期法王青铜塑像：是指法王热巴巾时期制作的佛像。材料多用白铜合金的白青铜。佛像大多出于印度雕塑家之手，风格与９世纪同期印度佛像风格十分接近。但较印度佛像丰满，姿态灵活。多用银和紫铜镶嵌细部，如用银嵌瞳孔或眼睛，用紫铜作角膜或舌头。
(3) late Bronze Statues of the French king: the Buddha made during the period of the king's hot towel. The material is white bronze with white copper alloy. Most of the statues of Buddha are from the hands of India sculptors, which are very similar to the style of India statues in the same period of ninth Century. But it is more plump and flexible than the India statues. Use silver and copper to inlay details, such as inserting a pupil or eye with silver, using copper as a cornea or tongue.
（４）噶当青铜佛像：指藏传佛教噶当派盛行时主要在洛札、聂、那若、雅隆等地铸造的青铜佛像。此派风格由印度佛学大师阿底峡所开。主要用天然铜与金、银合金，紫铜合金及八种金属合金材料浇铸，质量很高，工艺精湛，同此时期的印度佛像真假难辨。
(4) Bronze Buddhist statues in Kadang refer to bronze Buddhist statues cast in Luoza, Nie, Naruo, Yalong and other places when the Kadang sect of Tibetan Buddhism prevailed. This style is opened by the Buddhist master of India. Major natural copper and gold, silver alloy, copper alloy and eight kinds of metal alloy casting materials, high quality, exquisite technology, with the Indian Buddha statue of this period is difficult to distinguish true from false.
（５）来乌群巴青铜佛像：指雕塑家来乌群巴铸造的青铜佛像，带有明代内地佛像的特点，风格和永乐青铜佛像极近。造型十分优美，跏跌的双腿轻松自然，双重莲花绕法座形成一个莲花团，花瓣脉络清晰，结构严谨。
(5) Laiwu Qunba bronze Buddha statue: refers to the bronze Buddha statue cast by the sculptor Laiwu Qunba, with the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty inland Buddha statue, style and Yongle bronze Buddha statue is very close. The shape is very graceful, and the feet are easy and natural. The double lotus flowers form a lotus ball around the pedestal. The petals are clear and the structure is rigorous.
（６）白玛噶波青铜佛像：指雕塑家白玛噶波雕塑的佛像，造型特点是下额微突，身材苗条，僧衣饰有花纹，镀金层薄。
(6) White Makabo Bronze Buddha: refers to the sculpture of the sculptor White Makabo Buddha statue, modelling is characterized by a slight protrusion under the forehead, slender statue, monk clothes decorated with patterns, gilded thin.
（７）多觉边肯青铜佛像：是指五世达赖阿旺罗桑嘉措（１６１７—１６８２）时期，由著名雕塑家俄巴固巴（也作霍达）和朱古巴初，在布达拉宫脚下开创的青铜佛像风格流派，近世有“学院雕塑派”之称。１９５１年旧西藏噶厦政府所雕佛像均源于此。
(7) Bronze Buddha statue of Dojo Bianchen: refers to the bronze Buddha style school created by the famous sculptor Obajuba (also known as Hoda) and early Jucuba at the foot of Potala Palace in the period of the Fifth Dalai Lama Awan Rasangatso (1617-1682), known as the "Academy Sculpture School" in modern times. The sculpture of Buddha carved by the government of Tibet in 1951 was based on this.
（８）扎什伦布寺青铜佛像：指在日喀则扎什伦布寺铸造的佛像，工艺与拉萨多觉边肯青铜佛像接近，创作也十分精美。
(8) Bronze Buddha statue of Zashrunbu Temple: refers to the Buddha statue cast at Zashrunbu Temple in Shigatse. Its craftsmanship is close to the bronze Buddha statue of Jubianken in Lhasa, and its creation is very exquisite.
（９）德格青铜佛像：指四川甘孜州德格雕塑的青铜佛像，材料多用紫铜合金。
(9) Dege bronze Buddha statue: refers to the bronze Buddha statue of Dege sculpture in Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, which is made of bronze alloy.
