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金属雕塑锻造工艺
Metal Sculpture Forging Technology
金属雕塑制作的另一重要手法是锻造工艺，也是指机械冲压成型的工艺。如：不锈钢球的制作就是采用机械加工成型的工艺，将两块不锈钢板用机械冲压成型(两个半球形焊接成球体)，再经过多次打磨和抛光工艺可以形成镜面不锈钢球。而我们这里讲的仅仅是在手工艺直接操作下，敲打成型的锻打工艺。这种机能最早是从金银材料的加工工艺中发展而来的。手工锤打、錾刻技术充分用在金银材料的加工上，使金银等材料在锻制过程中因受力或材料制作工艺的不同出现各种造型和变化多端的装饰效果。
Another important method of metal sculpture production is forging process, which also refers to mechanical stamping process. For example, the manufacture of stainless steel balls is a process of mechanical processing. Two stainless steel plates are formed by mechanical stamping (two hemispheres are welded into spheres), and then mirror stainless steel balls can be formed by repeated grinding and polishing processes. And what we are talking about here is only the forging process of knocking forming under the direct operation of the handicraft. This function was originally developed from the processing technology of gold and silver materials. Hand hammering and stencil technology are fully used in the processing of gold and silver materials, which can make various shapes and decorative effects of various ends of materials such as gold and silver appear in the forging process due to different forces or material manufacturing processes.
锻制的工艺过程比较简单，成型方法亦比较容易，它的圆雕和浮雕的锻造工艺制作方法是：首先做好泥塑，在泥塑的完成品上面翻阴模，阴模要求模具制作工艺材料要有一定的厚度，然后在外围用木枋形成统一的接触面，把阴模内的泥坯去掉，再用填充料进行模具修整，最后用铜质材料或不锈钢材料切割成各种不同形状的面，在阴模模具上直接敲打成型。铜板材和不锈钢板材里面要有钢筋支撑。板材的选择厚度为0.4mm-2mm，铜板经过加热后具有很好的延展性，而不锈钢板是直接用来冷锻。由于锻制以纯粹的手工制作为主，制作者在锻打敲锤的过程中可充分利用金属材料自身的延展性能，灵活发挥艺术创作的能力(不锈钢经过锻制后抛光会出现哑光和亮光两种性能，根据作品置身的环境进行调整)，使其板材出现特有的肌理效果，从而增添手工锤制的淳朴，产生厚重的美感。锻制工艺的技法代表了现代工业化社会人们手工劳动的艺术成果和以前工业时代机械化的美感所形成的一种互补性的艺术风格。[3]
The forging process is relatively simple and the forming method is relatively easy. The forging process of round and relief sculpture is as follows: first, clay sculpture is made, and the mould is turned over on the finished product of clay sculpture. The mould requires that the material of the mould manufacturing process should have a certain thickness. Then, a uniform contact surface is formed with wood loquat on the periphery, and the mud blank in the mould is removed, and then the mould is made with filler material. After dressing, copper or stainless steel materials are cut into different shapes of the surface, which is directly tapped on the die. Copper plate and stainless steel plate should be supported by steel bars. The selected thickness of the sheet is 0.4mm-2mm. The copper sheet has good ductility after heating, while the stainless steel sheet is directly used for cold forging. Because forging is mainly made by hand, the producer can make full use of the ductility of metal materials and give full play to the ability of artistic creation in the process of forging hammer (stainless steel polishing after forging will have two properties of matte and bright, according to the environment of the work to adjust), so that the sheet will have a unique texture effect, thus adding the manual hammer. Simple, produces a strong sense of beauty. The forging technology represents a complementary artistic style formed by the artistic achievements of manual labor in modern industrialized society and the aesthetic sense of mechanization in the previous industrial era. [3]