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圆雕、浮雕和透雕（镂空雕）是其基本形式。在同一环境里用一组圆雕或浮雕共同表达一个主题内容的叫组雕。雕塑的产生和发展与人类的生产活动紧密相关，同时又受到各个时代宗教、哲学等社会意识形态的直接影响。在人类还处于旧石器时代时，就出现了原始石雕、骨雕等。雕塑是一种相对永久性的艺术，古代许多事物经过历史长河的冲刷已荡然无存，历代的雕塑遗产在一定意义上成为人类形象的历史。传统的观念认为雕塑是静态的、可视的、可触的三维物体，通过雕塑诉诸视觉的空间形象来反映现实，因而被认为是最典型的造型艺术、静态艺术和空间艺术。
Round sculpture, relief and openwork are the basic forms. In the same environment with a group of sculptures or reliefs to express a theme content is called group sculpture. The emergence and development of sculpture is closely related to human production activities, and at the same time, it is directly influenced by social ideologies such as religion and philosophy in various times. In the Paleolithic age, primitive stone carvings and bone carvings appeared. Sculpture is a kind of relatively permanent art. Many things in ancient times have disappeared through the erosion of history. The sculpture heritage of past dynasties has become the history of human image in a certain sense. According to the traditional concept, sculpture is a static, visible and touchable three-dimensional object, which reflects the reality by appealing to the visual space image. Therefore, sculpture is considered as the most typical plastic art, static art and space art.